KYOTO – сучасна столиця Японії.
2. СЛУЖБОВІ ЧАСТИНКИ
Next is a chart of the different ways of saying “he” and “she” in masculine and feminine speech.
| MEN | – | WOMEN | – |
| Japanese | Usage | Japanese | Usage |
| あの方 (ano kata) | Feminine; formal; literally means “that person” | ||
| あの人 (ano hito) | Neutral; formal; means “that person” | あの人 (ano hito) | Neutral; formal; means “that person” |
| あの子 (ano ko) | Feminine; informal; literally means “that child” but is used by women to mean “that person” | ||
| こいつ (koitsu) | Masculine; informal; a shortened form of このやつ (kono yatsu); means “this thing”; used with close friends as a joke or to talk down to people | ||
| あいつ (aitsu) | Masculine; informal; a shortened form of あのやつ (ano yatsu); means “that thing”; used with close friends as a joke or to talk down to people |
Sentence Enders
Apart from referring to yourself or others, sentence enders in informal conversations also dictate gender speaking style. Below is a chart of masculine and feminine sentence enders. If you notice, women often use わ (wa) and の (no) when ending their sentences, and men use んだ (nda).
| MEN | – | WOMEN | – |
| Japanese | English | Japanese | English |
| 外国人だ (gaikokujin da) | A foreigner | 外国人だわ (gaikokujin da wa) | A foreigner |
| 外国人だよ (gaikokujin da yo) | It’s a foreigner | 外国人だわよ (gaikokujin da wa yo) | It’s a foreigner |
| 安い (yasui) | It’s cheap | 安いわ (yasui wa) | It’s cheap |
| 安いよ (yasui yo) | It’s really cheap | 安いわよ (yasui wa yo) | It’s really cheap |
| 安いんだ (yasui nda) | Because it’s cheap | 安いの (yasui no) | Because it’s cheap |
| 行く (iku) | I’ll go | 行くわ(iku wa) | I’ll go |
| 行くよ(iku yo) | I’m going now | 行くわよ(iku wa yo) | I’m going now |
| 行くね(iku ne) | I’m going, alright? | 行くわね(iku wa ne) | I’m going, alright? |
| 行くんだ(iku nda) | I’m going | 行くの(iku no) | I’m going |
Question Enders
And lastly, question enders also dictate whether you are speaking in the correct gender style. Below is a chart of question enders for masculine and feminine speech. Notice that men often use かい (kai) and だい (dai), and women use の (no) and なの (nano).
| MEN | – | WOMEN | – |
| Japanese | English | Japanese | English |
| 外国人かい？ (gaikokujin kai) | A foreigner? | 外国人？ (gaikokujin) | A foreigner? |
| 外国人なのかい？(gaikokujin nano kai) | It’s a foreigner? | 外国人なの？ (gaikokujin nano) | It’s a foreigner? |
| 安いかい？ (yasui kai) | It’s cheap? | 安い？ (yasui) | It’s cheap? |
| 安いのかい？ (yasui no kai) | It’s cheap? | 安いの？ (yasui no) | It’s cheap? |
| 行くかい？(iku kai) | Are you going? | 行くの？(iku no) | Are you going? |
| 行かないか ?(ikanai ka) | You’re not going? | 行かない？(ikanai) | You’re not going? |
| 何だい？(nan dai) | What? | 何なの？(nan nano) | What? |
| どんな人なんだい？(donna hito nan dai) | What kind of person is s/he? | どんな人なの？(donna hito nano) | What kind of person is s/he? |
| 何時行くんだい？(nanji iku ndai) | What time are you going? | 何時行くの？(nanji iku no) | What time are you going? |
Now that you have learned the different speech patterns of men and women, it’s time to get out there and practice! One of the best ways to sound like a native Japanese speaker is to get these gender speech patterns down, and the only way to make sure you have them down is to practice them!
How can I learn to speak like this?
Well in all honesty, this is certainly confusing to grasp at first. The best way to start speaking the way your gender speaks is to become conscious of it. Try taking some of your sentences and turning them into more male or female-like sentences. Listen to more casual and informal conversations as this is where these types of speaking patterns will really become apparent. You should talk with friends and try to shadow them.
To really integrate into Japanese society you should spend time around people your age too. It’s not just about gender as age plays a big part in the use of speech too.
How females speak in Japanese
〜のよ (~no yo).
This can definitely make you sound feminine Japanese and is used by women throughout Japane. If you use this after a na-adjective you can add a “na” before “no yo” too.
~かしら (~kashira)
This sentence ending comes from ”か知らない” which has the same connotations as な in Japanese. It is extremely 女らしい and you would never catch a male using this expression. Only perhaps if he was fooling around.
〜の
The “no” particle can be used instead of か to change a sentence into a question and it can also be used as an exclamatory. The use of this is definitely leans more towards the female side as it somewhat softens the sentence.
〜ね (~ne)
Women tend to use this more than men and especially lengthen it to ねええ. I’m sure males can get away with using this too but they should maybe stick with the shortened version.
Women often drop the coupla “da” and use “wa” and “na” to end their sentences. If you are a guy this is definitely something you want to try and avoid. Rather than pronouns such as “ore” and “omae” women tend to use pronouns such as “watashi” and “atashi”.
Women also more frequently use honorific prefixes such as “O” and “Go”. I guess it could be said that women are just more polite in general? I’ll leave that to your interpretation.
How males speak in Japanese.
So just like with lady like speech there is also manly ways to speak, or as the Japanese say, otokorashii 男らしい. In general, the way men speak is less polite, shorter and snappier.
One of the biggest things to pick up on with male speech is the sentence ender “da”. Males often use “da” instead of “desu” as it is much more informal and cool.
In Japanese, males often use the pronouns “お前” Omae and “俺” Ore. They could be thought of as quite rough and aggressive however when used between friends they are actually quite endearing.
Males often change い adjectives to an ええ sound. So instead of たかい they will say たけええ. This is heard often in anime by the boisterous male protagonists. You will also hear the use of あいつ and こいつ to mean “this and that person”.
ぞ and ぜ are used by males in Japanese speech to add emphasis to the end of their sentences and they will also use な much more than ね。
| でも | початок, розмовна |
| しかし | початок, формальна |
| けど だけど ですけど | середина, фор+неформ |
| けれども だけれども | середина, дуже форм |
は
головна тема речення,
читається як “ва”
山田さんはいきます。
が
другорядна тема
あります предмети
います живі істоти
わたしはくるまがあります。
わたしはともだちがいます。
か
позначає питання
山田さんはいきますか。
の
приналежність чогось комусь
これは私のほんです。
これはあなたのいぬです。
これは山田さんのくるまです。
を
дія над предметом,
читається як “о”
山田さんはみずを飲みます。
私はごはんをたべます。
私はでんわをとります。
へ
напрям руху до чогось, читається як “е”
山田さんはきょうとへいきます。
から
напрям руху від чогось
山田さんはきょうとからいきます。
こと・が・できる
форма дієслова на う + ことができる
だろう
でしょう